The model-matching methodology could be broadly applied in other domains.Ĭitation: Norman-Haignere SV, McDermott JH (2018) Neural responses to natural and model-matched stimuli reveal distinct computations in primary and nonprimary auditory cortex. Our results provide a novel signature of hierarchical organization in human auditory cortex, and suggest that nonprimary regions compute higher-order stimulus properties that are not captured by traditional models. This dissociation was not evident using model predictions because of the influence of feature correlations in natural stimuli. Model-matched and natural stimuli produced nearly equivalent responses in primary auditory cortex, but highly divergent responses in nonprimary regions, including those selective for music or speech. We tested whether a standard model of auditory cortex can explain human cortical responses measured with fMRI. We propose an alternative in which we compare neural responses to a natural stimulus and a “model-matched” synthetic stimulus designed to yield the same responses as the natural stimulus. One challenge with this approach is that different features are often correlated across natural stimuli, making their contributions hard to tease apart. A standard way to test sensory models is to predict responses to natural stimuli. Modeling neural responses to natural stimuli is a core goal of sensory neuroscience. Our methodology enables stronger tests of sensory models and could be broadly applied in other domains. Our results provide a signature of hierarchical organization in human auditory cortex, and suggest that nonprimary regions compute higher-order stimulus properties that are not well captured by traditional models. This dissociation between primary and nonprimary regions was less clear from model predictions due to the influence of feature correlations across natural stimuli. We observed that fMRI responses to natural and model-matched stimuli were nearly equivalent in primary auditory cortex (PAC) but that nonprimary regions, including those selective for music or speech, showed highly divergent responses to the two sound sets. Prior studies have that shown that this model has good predictive power throughout auditory cortex, but this finding could reflect feature correlations in natural stimuli. We used this approach to test whether a common model of auditory cortex-in which spectrogram-like peripheral input is processed by linear spectrotemporal filters-can explain fMRI responses in humans to natural sounds. Here, we propose a simple alternative for testing a sensory model: we synthesize a stimulus that yields the same model response as each of a set of natural stimuli, and test whether the natural and “model-matched” stimuli elicit the same neural responses. One challenge is that distinct model features are often correlated across natural stimuli, and thus model features can predict neural responses even if they do not in fact drive them. As a consequence, sensory models are often tested by comparing neural responses to natural stimuli with model responses to those stimuli. Contact your county child support worker for more information about help with arrears debt.A central goal of sensory neuroscience is to construct models that can explain neural responses to natural stimuli. The child support office may be able to help you avoid or overcome problems paying child support. More information about working with your child support office, reporting changes in your circumstances and other responsibilities is online. It tells parents their rights and responsibilities under the law. Contempt proceedings for non-payment of supportĪppendix A is a court document attached to every child support order in Minnesota.The child support office and the county attorney review the case and the likelihood of success before taking some actions. Some enforcement actions take time, and not all actions are appropriate for every case. Generally, child support policy allows enough time for you to get proper notice with options to pay the past due amount, called arrears, or to set up a payment agreement. Enforcement actionsĬases must meet certain criteria before the child support office takes enforcement action. If you cannot pay your child support, contact your county child support worker right away to ask about modifying your order, setting up a payment agreement or other options to avoid enforcement actions. But, when parents do not meet their obligations, child support offices enforce the support orders on full-service cases. Most parents pay child support as ordered.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |